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Objective:To explore the macroscopic medication rule of Chinese medicine for the treatment of primary liver cancer and provide references for clinical medication. Method:The databases of CNKI，VIP， and Wanfang Data were searched for research articles published from September 1959 to June 2019 with the terms of "Chinese medicine" and "liver cancer". A database was established based on the collected Chinese medicinal prescriptions for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The frequency，clustering， and association rules were analyzed by Excel， etc. Result:In this study，106 effective articles were included，and after the modified prescriptions were removed， 92 effective prescriptions were screened out，involving 281 Chinese herbal medicines used for 1 181 times in total. The top 5 high-frequency drugs were Poria （deficiency-tonifying），Astragali Radix （heat-clearing），Bupleuri Radix （blood-activating and stasis-resolving），Paeoniae Radix Alba （urination-promoting and dampness-draining）， and Codonopsis Radix （Qi-regulating）. The analysis of drug flavor with a frequency higher than 10 showed that most of the drugs were sweet，bitter， and pungent in flavor，cold，warm， and plain in nature，and acted on spleen and liver meridians. Four combinations and 10 herbal pairs were obtained by the cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs and association analysis， respectively. The high-frequency drugs and potential herbal pairs were classified targeting the specific clinical syndromes in different stages of liver cancer. Conclusion:Replenishing Qi， invigorating spleen，clearing heat， removing toxin，activating blood， and resolving stasis were the basic principles for the treatment of primary liver cancer. The combination of those drugs was the main therapeutic strategy. In addition，the resulting 10 potential herbal pairs from high-frequency drugs and cluster analysis could inspire the clinical treatment of primary liver cancer in different clinical stages with various clinical syndromes， which was of reference value for the clinical medication.
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Based on the clinical characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the domestic and foreign relevant literature reports and animal models of chronic atrophic as well as the clinical diagnostic indicators of traditional Chinese and western medicine, chronic atrophic gastritis evaluation standard was summarized to evaluate and analyze the coincidence degree of clinical symptoms of the existing chronic atrophic gastritis animal models. The statistical results found that modeling methods with a higher coincidence degree with the existing chronic atrophic gastritis animal models are disease and syndrome combination mode-ling, surgical modeling, multifactor comprehensive modeling and MNNG modeling. Although the animal models were reproduced by such methods as etiology, pathogenesis and disease and syndrome combination similar to those of human beings, there is still a big gap with the natural disease state. Further in-depth studies and improvement shall be made in clinical practice in the hope to provide refe-rence for clinical practice and experimental studies of chronic atrophic gastritis.
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Animals , Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Gastritis, Atrophic , Medicine , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Models, AnimalABSTRACT
The evaluation standard of LEAD animal model was established according to the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic lower extremity vascular disease based on Chinese and Western medicine. The consistency between the existing LEAD animal model and the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine was analyzed and evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing model were compared,the application scope of different models was considered,and the possible improvement methods of the existing model were proposed,so as to provide impetus for the improvement of LEAD animal model.We should reflect more characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes in the process of model improvement and development,making the LEAD animal model to get closer to clinical features of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Subject(s)
Animals , China , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Lower Extremity , Medicine , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine animal models are widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research. The combination of disease and syndrome models has become the trend of the development of traditional Chinese medicine animal models. In this paper, we find that model manufacturing still exists problems as following through literature review: the selected animals are not in conformity with the constitution of disease population; some diseases lack syndrome manifestation; the correlation between diseases and syndromes are not strong; the disease syndrome combined with animal model evaluation system is deficient and etc. The application of the model exists: ignore the periodicity of the model; ignore the impact of the environment on the animal model; toxicological research has the problem that normal animals are not suitable for TCM toxicology research. This paper proposes from six aspects: construct the animal model that conforms to the constitution of diseased population; expand the scope of use of the disease and syndrome combined animal model; use the theory of traditional Chinese medicine of “five transports and six qi”, “streamer midnight-midday ebb flow”, “seven emotions”, and “six kinky” climate box, and combined with “four diagnosis information” to solve the problem of weak correlation between diseases and syndromes; using “syndrome” index + “disease” indicators to improve the model evaluation criterion from four diagnostic information, biochemical indicators, molecular biology, and etc. Pay attention to the periodicity of the model, and pay particular attention to the influence of the environment on the formation of the animal model syndrome; In the toxicology research, the model animal should be used instead of the normal animal application, and the dosage of the traditional Chinese medicine should be adjusted to improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Through the improvement of the above problems, it is expected to provide relevant reference for the improvement of the animal model of Chinese medicine and its correct application.
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The common diseases in pediatrics department include respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, immune system diseases, and skin system diseases. Bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases are common pediatric diseases, mainly with the symptoms of fever, cough, and runny nose, and are mostly related to children's physical weakness. Pediatric digestive diseases mainly include anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Skin system diseases mainly include tinea diseases such as tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and tinea corporis, allergic diseases such as urticaria and eczema, scorpions, sunburn and other skin diseases. Children are special groups for drug use, as their body is in the stage of growth and development and their organs are not yet mature, with strong susceptibility to disease, low stress ability, and not sensitive to drug reactions. Therefore, special requirements shall be noticed on the drug use and dosage. Children are the future of the country, but we have so many problems in pediatric drug use. It is worth pondering about pediatric drug use. Chinese patent medicine is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation in the forms of pills, powder, cream, pellet, and oral liquid, which is processed according to the laws and prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine and the rule of syndrome differentiation and treatment experience, mostly of a compound preparation. This is the essence of medical practice after thousands of years of experience. At present, the commonly used dosage forms for Chinese patent medicine are tablets, pills, capsules, oral liquids and powders. Pediatric Chinese patent medicines have the advantages of mild nature, ease of use, stable content, controllable dose-effect, and exact curative effect, so they are widely used in clinical applications. In order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of pediatric Chinese patent medicine, we should strictly grasp some considerations on pediatric Chinese patent medicine due to the particularity of pediatric patients. This paper would analyze the problems in the application of pediatric Chinese patent medicines and the corresponding countermeasures to improve the accessibility of pediatric medication.
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With the implementation of the national "The Belt and Road" strategy,the international exchange of Chinese medicine is increasing day by day,and foreign drug resources provide a vast space for the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).The introduction of foreign high-quality resources to promote the development of TCM has become the mission of the times to TCM practitioners.In this paper,the successful cases of herbalization of foreign drugs were analyzed.From the three aspects of the image thinking,the original application,the clinical and experimental validation,TCM was recognized and the preliminary research method of herbalization of the foreign medicines was put forward.Through the repeated exploration mode of "theoretical discussion(literature research+field investigation)→experimental verification→clinical practice",the performance of foreign drugs was investigated,providing reference for the research method of herbalization of foreign drugs.
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Objective: To study the effect of Rosae Chinensis Flos total flavones(RCTF) on the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats, in order to preliminarily explore the mechanism of action. Method: Rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, large, medium, and low-dose RCTF group(200,100,50 mg ·kg-1) and positive group[Nimodipine group(20 mg ·kg-1) and Naoluotong group (500 mg ·kg-1)]. After 7 days of continuous administration, 1 hour later after the last administration, the middle cerebral artery middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was duplicated. After 2 hours of modeling, perfusion was performed for 22 hours. Mortality and neurological deficits were scored. Serum S-100β was detected; brain tissue malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase were measured. The brain tissue morphological changes were observed. Result: The rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was successfully replicated. Compared with the model group, RCTF in large, medium, and low-dose RCTF group significantly decreased the score of neurological deficit in rats (Pβ in serum (PPP+K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+ in brain tissue (Pα content, IL-1β, ICAM-1 content in brain tissue (PPConclusion: RCTF have a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The mechanism may be related to the resistance of anti-free radicals, the reduction of inflammation in brain tissue and the improvement of brain energy metabolism after cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Uterine dysplasia or naive uterus mainly refers to a pathological state in which the uterus volume is significantly smaller than normal after adolescence. It is a common gynecological disease, which is caused by low levels of hormones during development process. The main symptoms are delayed menstruation, scanty menstruation, dysmenorrhea and even amenorrhea, and often manifested as infertility after marriage. The article summarizes existing animal models of uterine dysplasia based on clinical symptom characteristics of uterine dysplasia according to clinical diagnostic standard of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine. According to etiology and pathogenesis of uterine dysplasia and diagnostic criteria of TCM and Western medicine, advantages and disadvantages and coincidence of animal models with characteristics of uterine dysplasia and clinical symptoms of uterine dysplasia were proposed. The corresponding animal model evaluation index system and existing uterine dysplasia animal models were proposed to improve ideas and methods. At present, there are not many methods for establishing uterus dysplasia models. The existing models of uterine dysplasia are pathological models based on western medicine indexes. The existing models reflect clinical situations of uterine dysplasia in some aspects, but there is no evaluation index system of uterine dysplasia model and animal model reflecting cause of TCM. Based on existing single-factor animal models, a composite animal model with clinical conditions and similar typical symptoms of human uterine dysplasia is established, which is more consistent with characteristics of clinical symptoms. At same time, it is focus of future researches to improve evaluation index system of uterine animal models and establish a combination model of dysplasia of uterus with TCM syndromes.
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With a clear efficacy in external treatment of diseases, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been widely applied in surgery, in acute, pediatric, gynecological, internal medicine and other departments. Its advantages include easy use, direct access to lesions, and prevent of the first-pass effect of the liver. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear, which impacts its clinical promotion. This article makes analysis and summary on the clinical application of TCM in external treatment of diseases, the characteristics of commonly used TCM in treatment of diseases, and the relationship of the common externally treated diseases and the "neurological-endocrine-immune network". The findings showed that TCM for external treatment were widely used, with exact curative effects; the pathogenesis of commonly used TCM for externally treating diseases is closely related to the "neuro-endocrine-immune network". Moreover, the modern pharmacological effects of TCM for externally treating diseases were found to be 100%related to the "neuro-endocrine-immune network". According to the analysis of the relationship between the common diseases externally treated with TCM and the "neuro-endocrine-immune network", the pathogenesis of the treatment with TCM is closely related to the "neuro-endocrine-immune network". Therefore, we believe that the "neuro-endocrine-immune network" system is probably one of the main mechanisms of action of TCMs for externally treating diseases. The verification of this mechanism requires the joint efforts of various departments in conducting clinical or experimental verification in the future, so as to provide a reference for clarifying the mechanism of TCM for external use, and basis for the promotion and application of TCM for external use.
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Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and its components play a role in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. The definition of its mechanism of action in autophagy contributes to the development of TCM in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. In this paper, we summarized reports on the autophagy of liver cancer cells induced by TCM and its active ingredients, including those on promoting apoptosis and cycle inhibition induced by autophagy and inhibiting autophagy to block tumor cell cycle, but with a lack of systematic summarization. In this paper, according to different effect of TCM on autophagy induced by hepatocarcinoma, the TCM and its components were inductively analyzed in four aspects:inducing killing autophagy, inhibiting protective autophagy, inducing protective autophagy in liver cancer, and inducing unclear autophagy. According to the findings, TCMs and components that cause killing autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, arrest cell cycle, induce cell senescence or promote apoptosis. TCMs and components that inhibit protective autophagy can inhibit protective autophagy and hepatoma cell proliferation. TCMs and components that induce protective autophagy have a significant anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, shall be considered to be combined with autophagy inhibitors to enhance the lethality of drugs on liver cancer cells, and become a new way for such drugs to treat liver cancer. TCMs and components with an unclear inductive effect shall be first identified for their type of autophagy, then combined with autophagy agonists or blockers according to the type of autophagy to enhance their anti-liver cancer effect, and provide a new clinical therapeutic approach for liver cancer. In the aspect of autophagy, this study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of anti-hepatocarcinoma of TCM, but also makes it a new way to study anti-hepatocarcinoma by TCM.
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The gut microbiome is a unique ecosystem, known as the "forgotten organ" of the human body, and the "second genome" of human. Gut microbiome imbalance is associated with many central nervous system diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and disseminated sclerosis. Stroke is characterized by high morbidity, recurrence, mortality, and disability. Gut microbiome plays a key role in the occurrence and development of stroke, which can further affect the onset of stroke by affecting the body's absorption, metabolism, blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids and atherosclerotic plaque. In Chinese medicine, it is believed that the spleen and stomach qi and blood flow loss, the Yin and yang imbalance, the body's physiological dysfunction, metaplasia "wind, fire, phlegm, deficiency, silt" and other pathological products, can cause the occurrence of stroke. The spleen and stomach are mainly involved for decomposing food, transporting and transforming nutrients from foodstuff, and the gut microbiome affect the digestion and absorption of the diet. The function of gut microbiome in modern research is related to the dysfunction of the spleen and stomach in Chinese medicine. Therefore, adjusting the homeostasis of the gut microbiome can be used as a potential intervention target to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) intervention has already achieved good results in stroke, and whether it is related to the regulation effect of gut microbiome is worthy of further research in the future. At the same time, the research progress of active ingredients in TCM (berberine, baicalin, resveratrol, et al), single TCM prescriptions (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma, Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix Et Rhizoma, et al) and compound TCM prescriptions (Buyang Huanwu Tang, Naoxintong capsule, Buzhong Yiqi Tang) in prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia were reviewed in this study, providing new ways and ideas for the prevention of ischemic stroke and development of new therapies.
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As a novel intervention, whole body periodic acceleration (WBPA) shows a variety of benefits to the cardiovascular system, such as reducing pulmonary arteria hypertension (PAH), improving coronary flow reserve (CFR) and increasing blood perfusion of organs as well as tissues. The underlying mechanisms of WBPA may lie in the increase of blood flow rate and endothelium shear stress, activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K-Akt) and mitogen extracellular signal regulated kinases/extracellular signal regulated kinase (MEK-ERK1/2) signal pathway and the release of nitric oxide.